Platelet count measures the number of platelets in your blood, which help form clots and stop bleeding after injury.

Red cell distribution width (RDW) measures the variation in the size of your red blood cells, which can help detect early signs of anemia, chronic health issues, or nutritional deficiencies.

MCH measures the average amount of hemoglobin inside each red blood cell and helps evaluate certain types of anemia.

MCV measures the average size of your red blood cells. Levels help diagnose different types of anemia, bone marrow dysfunction, and nutrient deficiencies.

Hematocrit measures the percentage of your blood made up of red blood cells. Hematocrit levels are an indicator of anemia, dehydration, and cardiovascular risk.

Hemoglobin measures the iron-containing protein inside red blood cells. It helps identify anemia and indicates how efficiently your body is transporting oxygen.

Red blood cell count measures the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in your bloodstream. An RBC test helps identify anemia and other blood disorders.

A CO₂ test measures bicarbonate in your blood — a key indicator of acid-base balance.

Chloride helps regulate fluid balance, supports stable blood pressure, and maintains your body’s acid-base balance.

Calcium helps build strong bones and teeth and plays a key role in muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and heart function.

Potassium helps regulate blood pressure, supports nerve signaling, and enables proper muscle function, including maintaining a steady heart rhythm.

Sodium helps maintain fluid balance, supports healthy blood pressure, and allows nerves and muscles to function properly.

The Total Cholesterol-to-HDL ratio looks at how your overall cholesterol levels stack up against your protective HDL, giving a clear sense of whether your lipid balance is working in your favor. A higher ratio suggests the harmful side is outweighing the protective, which can signal greater cardiovascular risk.

The LDL-to-ApoB ratio compares total LDL cholesterol against the number of particles carrying it, revealing whether LDL is made up of larger, less harmful particles or smaller, more dangerous ones. A lower ratio can indicate a higher concentration of small dense LDL particles, which carry greater risk of heart disease.

The Triglyceride-to-HDL ratio reflects the balance between harmful circulating fats and protective cholesterol in the blood. Elevated ratios are strongly associated with insulin resistance, metabolic dysfunction, and increased risk of heart disease.

The NLR measures the relationship between neutrophils and lymphocytes in the blood, offering insight into systemic inflammation and immune balance. Research increasingly associates elevated NLR with higher cardiovascular risk.

Non-HDL cholesterol measures all the “bad” cholesterol in your blood, including LDL and other harmful particles that can contribute to plaque buildup in your arteries.

ApoB measures the main protein found in LDL and other “bad” cholesterol particles that can build up as plaque in your arteries. It provides a more accurate view of cardiovascular risk by counting the number of these harmful particles, not just the cholesterol they carry.

LDL (“bad”) cholesterol carries cholesterol through your bloodstream, but when levels get too high, it can build up in your arteries as plaque, narrowing blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.

HDL cholesterol is known as “good” cholesterol because it removes cholesterol from artery walls and helps keep blood vessels clear, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.

Triglycerides are fats in your blood that your body uses for energy, but high levels can build up from excess calories and increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and pancreatitis.

Total cholesterol measures the total amount of cholesterol in your blood, including LDL and HDL. Levels help determine whether you’re at high risk for heart disease.

Prolactin is a pituitary hormone. When levels are elevated in men it can interfere with testosterone production.

FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of follicles in the ovaries each menstrual cycle.

PSA is a protein made by the prostate gland, with levels that can rise in response to inflammation, benign enlargement, or more serious changes in prostate tissue.

SHBG is a protein that binds to sex hormones like testosterone and estradiol, controlling how much of them is available for your body to use. Healthy levels suggest the right amount of hormone is available to your cells.

Luteinizing hormone signals the testes to produce testosterone, making it a key part of male hormonal health. Healthy LH levels support sperm and testosterone production.

Progesterone is a hormone produced by the ovaries in women and in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands in both sexes, where it supports mood, sleep, and hormonal balance.

Estradiol is the most active form of estrogen in the body. It influences bone density, mood, reproductive health, and metabolism in men and women.

Free testosterone measures the amount of testosterone in your blood that’s not bound to proteins like SHBG and albumin and is available for your body to use to influence energy, muscle strength, and libido.

Total testosterone measures the overall amount of testosterone in your blood, including both free molecules and those attached to proteins like SHBG and albumin.

The percentage of basophils in the blood is typically very low. Elevations can signal allergic responses, inflammation, or in rare cases, certain blood conditions.

Basophils are the rarest white blood cell, playing a key role in allergic responses and inflammation by releasing histamine and other chemical signals.

The percentage of eosinophils in the blood helps identify allergic or inflammatory activity.

Eosinophils are white blood cells involved in allergic responses and the defense against parasitic infections.

The percentage of monocytes in the blood helps identify ongoing immune responses, particularly those linked to chronic infection, autoimmune activity, or tissue repair.

Monocytes are white blood cells that respond to infection and inflammation by engulfing pathogens and coordinating broader immune activity.

The percentage of lymphocytes in the blood helps identify whether the immune system is shifting toward a viral or adaptive response, particularly when evaluated alongside other white blood cell types.

Absolute lymphocyte count measures the circulating level of the immune cells responsible for fighting viral infections and supporting long-term immune memory.

The percentage of neutrophils in the blood helps identify shifts in immune response. Elevated proportions often point to active bacterial infection or inflammation.

Absolute neutrophil count measures the total number of your body's primary infection-fighting cells in the blood, making it a key indicator of immune capacity and infection risk.

White blood cell count measures how many immune cells are circulating in your blood and can indicate infection, inflammation, or shifts in immune activity.

The Albumin-to-Globulin ratio compares two key protein groups in the blood, helping to identify imbalances that can point to liver disease, kidney dysfunction, or immune system changes. A shift in the ratio can signal that the body is struggling to maintain healthy protein production or balance.

eGFR measures how well your kidneys are filtering waste from the blood, and is considered the most accurate overall indicator of kidney function. A declining eGFR can be an early warning sign of kidney disease, often before symptoms appear.

The BUN/Creatinine ratio compares two key waste markers in the blood to give a more complete picture of kidney function than either measurement alone.

Creatinine is a waste product filtered by the kidneys, making it one of the most reliable markers of kidney function. Elevated levels can indicate the kidneys are struggling to clear waste efficiently.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) is a measure of how much urea nitrogen is circulating in your blood, reflecting how well your kidneys are filtering waste produced by the breakdown of protein. It's a key indicator of kidney function and hydration status.

The AST/ALT ratio compares two liver enzymes to help paint a clearer picture of what may be driving liver stress. Different patterns in the ratio can point to different causes, from alcohol-related liver damage to fatty liver disease.

AST is an enzyme found in the liver, heart, and muscles that rises in the blood when these tissues are damaged, making it a broad but important marker of liver and overall tissue health.

ALT is a liver enzyme that leaks into the bloodstream when liver cells are damaged, making it one of the most direct and sensitive markers of liver injury or inflammation.

Alkaline Phosphatase is an enzyme found in the liver, bones, and bile ducts. Elevated levels often point to liver disease, bile duct obstruction, or bone disorders.

Total bilirubin measures the amount of bilirubin, a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down, circulating in the blood. Elevated levels often signal liver or bile duct issues.

Globulin is a group of proteins produced by the liver and immune system that play a central role in fighting infection, transporting nutrients, and supporting overall immune function.

Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood. It is produced by the liver and plays a key role in maintaining fluid balance, transporting nutrients, and supporting tissue repair.

Total protein measures the combined level of proteins like albumin and globulin in the blood. It offers a broad view of liver function, nutritional status, and the body's ability to maintain and repair itself.

Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that plays a key role in nerve function, red blood cell production, and DNA synthesis. B12 deficiency is more common than often recognized, particularly in older adults and vegetarians.

Glucose is the body's primary energy source, with blood levels reflecting how well your body is regulating sugar and responding to insulin. Abnormal levels can signal insulin resistance, prediabetes, or diabetes.

TPO antibodies are produced when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid, making them the key marker for autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto's disease.

FT3 is the freely available form of T3 (triiodothyronine) in the bloodstream. It reveals how much active thyroid hormone your body has access to.

T3 is the active form of thyroid hormone that determines how efficiently your cells use energy, offering a more complete picture of thyroid activity than TSH alone.

T4 is the thyroid's primary hormone and a key indicator of how well the gland is functioning, with levels that help distinguish between thyroid and pituitary causes of imbalance.

TSH is the pituitary hormone that tells the thyroid how much hormone to produce, making it the most important first indicator of thyroid dysfunction, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

The Free Thyroxine Index provides a calculated estimate of active T4 in the blood, helping to contextualize total T4 levels and assess true thyroid hormone availability.